We note that the model has the capability for both material intensities of technology and technology lifetimes to change over time; however, due to a lack of reliable forecasts for what technological changes may bring, we make the conservative estimate that they will remain constant.
Technology and Science Workforce: The intensity of the technology and science workforce indicates whether states have sufficient depth of high-end technical talent.
At a technology level, there have been attempts to optimize coupling points between the electricity and water systems to reduce the water-intensity of technologies in the former and the energy-intensity of technologies in the latter.
Instead of implying that the human-capital intensity of the technology industry has declined, the opposite is more likely: companies are increasingly outsourcing their operations to smaller, specialist firms many of them in China, India and Taiwan, as well as in the West that do not appear in the top 250.
Many studies have been conducted to assess the determinants and intensity of agricultural technology adoption (Adesina and Seidi, 1995; Adesina, 1996; Awotide et al. 2012) and its impact on welfare and poverty reduction (Diagne and Demont, 2007; Diagne et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2010; Awotide et al. 2011; Dontsop-Nguezet et al. 2011; Amare et al. 2012).
At issue is the fact that in order to keep devices consumer-safe, without risk of burns or eye damage, manufacturers must keep the intensity of their technologies very low.
Finally, the material stocks are determined by the material intensities of the technology stocks which they make up.
Industrial selection based on the intensity of R&D, high technology, and knowledge intensity and innovativeness.
The Podlaskie region is one of the lowest economically developed regions of Poland (and of the European Union) with a low level of economic welfare, little business competitiveness, peripheral location in Poland, unsatisfactory transport accessibility, a weak internal market, and a low intensity of innovation in technology and product development [51].
To get a better understanding of R&D investment level in China's pharmaceutical industry, we also compared R&D intensity of several high technology industries in China with those in other selected countries.
