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The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering.
Also, it can be seen for which mean intensity deviation the contributions to the HF occur.
It also indicates the position of the maximum of intensity deviation with respect to the intensity of the targeted spectrum.
The results from Table 4 suggest that standard deviation of the maximum intensity deviation rapidly falls as the values of the step decrease.
Each pair of intensity deviations is now recalculated as a mean (Eq. 2) and the 2-D Euclidean distance between every intensity deviation in the matrix created in the previous step is calculated (Fig. 2).
Fig. 5 PET transaxial images (a, b, the colour scales are the same), histograms of the heterogeneity contributions (the mean intensity deviation per distance calculated according to Eq. 2) (c, d) and surface plots (e, f) of the uptake of [18F]FDG and 11C-labelled AnxA5 in a FaDu xenograft.
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The (f=12) and (f=16) PRISM results show moderate and substantial intensity deviations from the ideal result, respectively, but require just tens of seconds per frozen phonon configuration.
Thus, a two-column matrix is formed in which the first column contains the distances and the second column contains the means of the two actual intensity deviations from the associated mean.
When the distances (d pq ) are less than the resolution of the camera at CFOV (1.2 mm) or larger than the minimum tumour dimension (here 4 mm), those paired intensity deviations are omitted.
The uptake was also quite heterogeneous, as was suggested by the transaxial image (Fig. 4a) and supported by the very large number and the broader spectrum of mean intensity deviations in the histogram (Fig. 4c).
The deviating uptakes found in the previous step are now used to create a new three-column matrix, with the X- and Y-positions and the absolute values of the intensity deviations subtracted from the mean intensity of the associated plane (where the mean I is the I-bar in Eq. 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com