Exact(7)
Figure 17 shows the time-average RMS radial field at the CMB and the time-average field intensity at the surface of Mars for a dynamo model with an impactor of radius 800 km falling on the north geographic pole (Fig. 16 left).
Here we present a whole planet dynamo model that consists of three main components: an internal structure model with composition and layers similar to the Earth, an optimal mantle convection model that is designed to maximize the heat flow available to drive convective dynamo action in the core, and a scaling law to estimate the magnetic field intensity at the surface of a terrestrial exoplanet.
The light intensity at the surface of the cages was approximately 100 lux.
The average light intensity at the surface of the glass column photobioreactors was kept at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1.
The diffuse reflection intensity at the surface decayed rapidly with increasing source-detector separation for all three wavelengths, for both simulated oxygenated and de-oxygenated signals.
On visual inspection, no difference in staining intensity at the surface of the implant was noted, comparing different experiments or when the hydrogel was used alone or mixed with 2% vancomycin.
Similar(53)
However, in up-scale or large volume cultivation, mean light intensity is a better indication of light condition; light intensity at the illumination surface, IS and opposite surface, BS (end of light path) need to be considered (Ogbonna and Tanaka 2000).
Effects of pit depths, crack aspect ratios, and crack depths on the stress intensity factor at the surface point are greater than at the deepest point.
In general, effects of pit depths, crack aspect ratios, and crack depths on stress intensity factor at the surface point is greater than at the deepest point. .
It is sufficient to describe the surface crack as a quarter ellipse with depth a and half-length c and to know the stress intensity factor at the surface point and at the deepest point only.
The light intensity (measured at the surface of the fermenter) was adjusted to 110 W/m using halogen lamps (12 V, 50 W), and all experiments were conducted in a temperature-controlled room at 30°C.
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