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If resistance to parasites is costly, however, fitness may be reduced both for hosts with low infection intensities (cost of resistance) and high infection intensities (cost of parasitism), such that individuals with intermediate infection intensities have highest fitness.
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The second measure is referred to as financial R&D intensity (cost), which is the ratio of financial R&D over banks' total operating costs.
Based on information from NAMCS the medium intensity cost for usual care physician follow-up and consults was derived based on 91% returning for a follow-up office visit, 10% referred to a urologist, 5% to an ophthalmologist and 12% to other specialists.
Making a collaborative offer that the Music Education Hubs are crying out for it, the high-intensity, cost-effective progression route it offers does exactly what was called for in the National Plan for Music Education.
Starting with low-intensity, cost-effective interventions, such as self-weighing and self-monitoring, interventions that increase in intensity, such as counseling, meal replacements, or weight loss medications, could be added strategically according to predetermined decision rules based on patient weight change.
For a given d, the intensity matching cost E I (d) measures the dissimilarity between the corresponding pixel intensities of I L and I R, while the feature matching cost E F (d) measures the dissimilarity between the corresponding learned features of I L and I R. In order to define E I (d), we use the robust and sampling insensitive measure proposed by Birchfield and Tomasi (BT) in [47].
Reduced survival among hosts with low parasite intensities suggests costs of controlling parasite infections; however, the nature of such costs remains to be elucidated.
For all specifications, physicians' intensity was statistically significant and positive; the interpretation of this finding is that as intensity increased, cost efficiency decreased.
In Bangalore however, this is much less the case, as differences in intensity are much lower, and thus overall we found no statistically significant relationship between intensity and cost.
A third of a century of overseas peace for British troops ended, and the 1990s began a series of "wars of choice", their intensity and cost growing to this day.
A better alternative to pixel-intensity-based cost aggregation is to employ local feature descriptors.
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