For a system intended to reduce litigation, these figures represent failure.
A lawyer for gun manufacturers said the California legislation would result in a torrent of litigation intended to harass and bankrupt the industry.
Last December, James M. Mahoney, a vice president at the New York Fed who said he had principal responsibility for the Maiden Lane II transaction, testified that the New York Fed intended to receive litigation claims associated with the troubled mortgage securities.
The legislation, approved 220 to 175, would make patents harder to obtain and easier to challenge and is intended to curtail litigation by limiting where patent owners can file suit and how much they can collect in damages.
Under Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly, the New York Police Department's use of such street stops has more than quintupled, fueling not only an intense debate about the effectiveness and propriety of the tactic, but also litigation intended to force the department to reveal more information about the encounters.
That shows the measure is changing behavior, as intended, with minimal litigation, he says.
The $100,000 settlement was "not to be construed as an admission" by Mr. Weinstein, but intended to "avoid litigation and buy peace," according to the legal document, which was reviewed by The Times.
Even this well-intended litigation has the capacity to bring about unintended harm.
"The decision below, unless promptly reversed, also would allow and encourage the types of 'abusive practices committed in private securities litigation' that Congress intended to avoid by enacting" securities litigation reform, the hedge funds said.
It also proposes litigation reforms intended to provide a uniform set of case-management tools to federal judges to streamline patent litigation, as well as protections from end users to patent claims.
But judges do not lightly set aside settlement agreements, which after all are intended to avoid costly litigation, Ms. Davis said.
