If reading exposure improves intelligence above and beyond reading ability, we would expect to see significant paths from exposure differences to intelligence differences in this model.
If reading operates only via verbal intelligence tests, such as vocabulary, to improve general intelligence, we should not expect to see any paths from earlier reading differences to later nonverbal intelligence differences in this model.
Controversy arose, however, over his two basic theses: (1) that everyone has the same intelligence, differences in learning success being only a case of differences in industry and stamina, and (2) that everything is in everything: "Tout est dans tout," which suggests that any subject or book is analogous to any other.
Although there are no sex differences in general intelligence, sex differences in the relationship between general intelligence and brain structure have been observed.
As morphological confounds affect primarily areas of low anisotropy, intelligence-related differences in the corpus callosum (high anisotropy) likely reflect true effects of intelligence on the white matter microstructure of men.
While mutations clearly affect the very low end of the intelligence continuum, individual differences in the normal intelligence range seem to be surprisingly robust against mutations, suggesting that they might have been canalized to withstand such perturbations.
This article addressed the question of whether intelligence differences may be caused, in part, by nonshared environmentally driven differences in reading, which accumulate across time and transfer to more general cognitive abilities.
These days, when talk turns to the supposed genetic differences in the intelligence of certain races, Southern Italians have disappeared from the discussion.
This Opinion article surveys recent neuroscience evidence to elucidate how general intelligence, g, emerges from individual differences in the network architecture of the human brain.
Several U.S. officials say that security cooperation has been hampered by patchy intelligence-sharing by Brussels and wide differences in the willingness of different agencies to work with foreign countries, even close allies.
