Among the intellectuals, for example, "there was a feeling the Beats were not serious," Menand said.
In Italy Catholicism, as a mark of cultural difference in a homogenising world, is held dear in some unlikely quarters: among atheist intellectuals, for example.
One of the people I would consider a public intellectual, for example, is David Coleman.
The ratings are often arbitrary: an 8 in intellectual curiosity, for example, might be awarded to an applicant with "deep intellectual and passionate interest in numerous disciplines," according to an internal admissions office memorandum; a 6 would apply to someone with "well-rounded intellectual pursuits".
Will India ever respect intellectual property, for example?
When something is open source it means what is usually intellectual property (for example, source code) is made public.
The radical Italian intellectual Antonio Negri, for example, argues that networks in the form of nomadic new social movements operating on a global scale will shortly become the gravediggers of 21st-century capitalism.
The market value of companies is increasingly determined by things you cannot touch: their brands and their intellectual capital, for example, rather than their factories or fleets of trucks.
Dr McNutt suggests that each journal could tailor it to suit the circumstances of different fields: agreeing to respect the author's intellectual property, for example, or declaring all conflicts of interest.But bringing everything out in the open for a civil discussion does not solve all of peer review's problems.
Many of Britain's corporate tax exiles, including WPP, were scared off by the Treasury's growing interest in taxing internationally mobile profits the fruits of intellectual property, for example, or interest income if it deems a firm is dodging British tax by shifting them around its group.
And a third way is that these concerns will be acknowledged (proponents will say they're concerned about intellectual property, for example), but then they just won't respond to these things.
