The same intellectual streams whose confluence produced psychology as an independent discipline toward the end of the 19th century led to the later development of applied psychology.
Beginning in the 1980s, their importance was reinforced with the emergence of the methodological approach known as new institutionalism and its intellectual streams, including rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, normative institutionalism, and sociological institutionalism.
The Buddhist distinction between the subjective perception (neng 能) and the objects of comprehension within external reality (suo 所) influenced already the earliest precursors of this intellectual stream, such as for instance Shao Yong (1011 1077).
He is an icon to a certain kind of obsessive anti-snobbish and anti-intellectual stream of thought in British modern culture that has passed, in recent decades, for the wave of the democratic future.
However, whereas big technology companies in America and Europe are increasingly relying on intellectual property to provide streams of revenue, the large Indian software firms tend to hold on to their innovations for competitive advantage rather than open them up for licensing.
But in a world of invasive species, with more and more endangered plants, when national governments increasingly want to control the intellectual property and revenue streams from their wildlife, botanical gardens have no choice.
"Heading up a company that helps copyright owners to protect their intellectual property and revenue streams generated from it, I understand the stance that the Premier League is taking and believe that they have no viable alternative if they are to maintain a sustainable licensing business".
But for the past five years, a steadily increasing stream of intellectual property lawyers from Boston, New York, San Francisco and all points Texas have filled the chain hotels along U.S. Highway 59.
Then Hollywood rediscovered a rich stream of intellectual property and coincident nostalgia in geek touchstones Star Wars, Marvel Comics and JRR Tolkien at the turn of the century.
The report also identified an emerging trend around intellectual property theft called "stream ripping," that's plaguing the music industry.
Rather, they speed up that evolution -- patents and new ventures encourage variation to justify or avoid that intellectual property, an endless stream of innovation, where the more differentiation, the more customers attracted, the more highly useful products evolved, and the more surplus cash created.
