However, the intellectuals behind the Republic were powerless to prevent a descent into chaos.
John Dewey strongly rejected the notion of faith as a special kind of knowledge (Dewey 1934, 20), as did William James and James's model of faith rests on a permissibility thesis, under which varied and conflicting faith-commitments may equally have a place in the 'intellectual republic' (James 1896/1956, 30).
Greek slaves especially played an important role in the intellectual life of the late republic, serving in roles as diverse as teachers, copyists of manuscripts, and oral readers to aristocrats.
Although some of the most-articulate intellectuals in the People's Republic of China criticize their Confucian heritage as the embodiment of authoritarianism, bureaucratism, nepotism, conservatism, and male chauvinism, others in China, Taiwan, Singapore, and North America have imaginatively established the relevance of Confucian humanism to China's modernization.
In the light of a series of revolutionary movements in Europe, which established a republic in France, intellectuals and commoners started the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.
Marett's unusually broad intellectual accomplishments ranged from Plato's Republic, about which he gave a famous series of lectures (published as Anthropology and the Classics, 1908, reissued 1967), to prehistoric archaeology.
Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the republic in 1911/12, many young intellectuals turned their attention to the overhauling of literary traditions, beginning with the language itself.
The fact that this powerful writer grew up in the communist German Democratic Republic will perhaps encourage some East German intellectuals to claim that the workers' state was a republic of scholars.
An intellectual revolution took place during the first decade of the republic, sometimes referred to as the New Culture Movement.
This is the first study to compare the social competence of children with moderate intellectual disability in inclusive versus segregated school settings in the Republic of Ireland.
