The colonial regime was without a doubt paradigmatic of intellectual oppression and control, but the fact of oppression and intellectual constraints became more profound after independence.
Bacon, Bruno, Copernicus, Teilhard -- even Galileo (not a cleric, but faithful to the end) -- why did the well not dry up in the face of such incessant intellectual oppression?
For the past several centuries, the world has experienced a sequence of intellectual revolutions against oppression of one sort or another.
In the times of the scientific revolution or the Enlightenment, science acted as a liberating force that fought intellectual and political oppression by the sovereign, the nobility or the clergy.
Under oppression, intellectuals — the people who are supposed to have good memories — are the first to become silent after being administered amnesia by the state.
So Mr. Kristof would reject several hundred years of bitter political and intellectual struggle against the oppression of unexamined authority and the alliance of state and religion.
In essays in La escena contemporánea (1925; "The Contemporary Scene"), Mariátegui attacked Fascism and defined the responsibilities of the intellectual in countries where social oppression reigns.
The Czech public, only a few years removed from Communist oppression, prizes the intellectual freedom of its public institutions and reacts swiftly when they are threatened.
He bucked his country's intellectual fashions at times, condemning oppression under the populist revolutionary government of Gamal Abdel Nasser, praising his successor, Anwar Sadat, for seeking peace with Israel, and frequently challenging received pieties, including those of Islam.
It does, even though we have just been reminded that the offspring of the French Revolution brutally squeezed savage compensation out of republican Haiti for decades after its black slaves decided to follow Paris's intellectual lead and throw off oppression.
Troublesome intellectuals who report on political oppression, ecological catastrophes, rural poverty etc, got years in prison for betraying a state secret, and the catch was that many of the laws and regulations that made up the state-secret regime were themselves classified, making it difficult for individuals to know how and when they are in violation.
