To compensate, they decide to establish their own intellectual doctrine, known as Dogma, whose precepts are flexible but require an awful lot of alcohol (I drink therefore I am?).
Intellectual-property doctrine isn't a straightforward application of the ethical principle "Thou shalt not steal".
In fact, a California law professor, Daniel A. Farber, wrote five years ago that the doctrine is a "quagmire," having "long been considered an intellectual and doctrinal swamp".
And it should be buttressed by tactical doctrine at intellectual parity with the strategic doctrine that guided the CIA successfully through the Cold War.
But the Bush administration's concessions are particularly noteworthy because Mr. Bush and his deputies went to great lengths to propound an intellectual and moral doctrine that eschewed talking to foes; Mr. Bush compared such outreach to appeasement just two months ago before the Israeli Parliament.
For example, Giles here defines prudentia as a virtus media, sharing the nature of moral as well as of intellectual ones, a doctrine which can by no means be traced back to the Stagirite (Lambertini 1991, 1992 , 1995 2000).
Philo provided Jewish religious doctrines with intellectual and cultural respectability by stating them in Greek philosophical terms.
Even as Inoue engages Rodrigues in extended intellectual debates about religious doctrine and national character, he also conceives elaborate tortures mental and moral as well as physical with which to break Rodrigues's will, to besmirch his faith, and, ultimately, to extirpate the very roots of Christianity from Japan.
Another intellectual subterfuge is the "doctrine of double effect", in which if doctors relieve pain by using drugs that hasten death, they cannot be held to have killed the patient because the hastening of death is a secondary effect of their main aim of relieving pain.
It underscores the intellectual incoherency of the whole doctrine.
