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It was important to determine the site of integration of the transconjugants to ensure the integrative vector was not affecting essential genes or genes involved in secondary metabolite production, and subsequently growth or AP-3 production.
The integrative vector pLox2 was introduced in E. faecalis V19 strain and integrants were first selected on GM17 plates containing 150 µg/ml erythromycin.
For this purpose, we used the pSSimR1-1 plasmid (Table 1), which contains the simReg1 gene under its own promoter cloned in the integrative vector pSET152.
For such purpose the integrative vector pMUTIN-comI was constructed, in which comI is placed under the control of the IPTG-inducible promoter P spac.
Figure 1 The PHB metabolic pathway, consisting of A) metabolite structures, involved enzymes, cofactors and B) the genes and regulatory sequences in the integrative vector YIpAGS2 in a schematic representation.
The application of the new replication-thermosensitive integrative vector pNZTM1, containing this marker, pheSBsT255S/A309G, with a two-step replacement recombination procedure provides an effective tool for the genetic engineering of industrially important Bacillus species.
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Double-stranded cDNA was cloned in a Gateway Topo cloning vector and the library was swapped into the pVV214 yeast expression vector [ 20]. αSyn is expressed from the GAL1 promoter, either on the multi-copy plasmid pESC-HIS (Agilent Technologies) or integrated in two copies in the genome, via integrative vectors pRS403 and pRS405 (Stratagene).
Instead, integrative vectors are usually used to implement new functionalities, integrating ectopic DNA into the genome through homologous recombination.
Moreover, P. pastoris is capable of growing to very high cell densities using minimal media (Wegner 1990) and integrative vectors help to maintain the genetic stability of the recombinant elements even in large scale fermentation processes (Romanos et al. 1992).
In this study, we examine how the construction of two complementary integrative vectors can fulfill the major requirements of industrial recombinant yeast strains: the use of lactose assimilation genes as a food-grade yeast selection marker, and a system of integration that does not leave hazardous genes in the host genome and involves minimal interference in the yeast physiology.
In contrast, all mice immunized with a single dose of nonintegrative EWNV lentiviral vectors were protected from the challenge, as were mice immunized with integrative vectors.
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