The latter leads to high computational efficiency, still representing satisfactorily the through-the-thickness stress distribution, since the number of integration points in thickness direction can be chosen arbitrarily.
For this integration scheme, final thickness, and global flatness are key for subsequent steps.
It is also worth noting that the element accounts for an arbitrary number of integration points through thickness direction within a single element layer.
A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (EAS) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness: Part I Geometrically linear applications.
A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (EAS) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness: Part II – Nonlinear Applications.
The paper then compares three alternatives of finite element modeling of the experiments (3D Shell with integration through the thickness with a periodic or non periodic initial imperfection are compared with COMU quasi axi-symmetric imperfect shell element).
Good agreements with 3D solution for several order of expansion are reached, but instabilities are shown for some particular order of expansion even when an exact through the thickness integration technique was adopted.
A recently proposed reduced enhanced solid-shell (RESS) element [Alves de Sousa, R.J., Cardoso, R.P.R., Fontes Valente, R.A., Yoon, J.W., Grácio, J.J., Natal Jorge, R.M., 2005. A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (EAS) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness: Part I – Geometrically Linear Applications.
New anti-VEGF drugs (such as aflibercept for diabetic macular oedema 4) and improvement in the navigated laser therapy (such as image stabilisation, or integration with OCT thickness map for treatment plan) may further improve these results.
Solution is obtained using numerical integration in through-thickness direction.
