But our 21st century has already demonstrated that it will be an era of integration, not specialization.
We found that in aging, this situation is reversed, suggesting that the interplay between integration and specialization can be described as a U-shaped function of age over the lifespan.
Since the integration and specialization of neural circuits throughout development involve the interaction of different brain areas, including their excitatory and inhibitory interconnections (Cohen Kadosh, 2011; Johnson, 2011), the potential to modulate the functioning of local, as well as global network functioning, is very appealing.
Integration and differentiation (or functional specialization) within regions are fundamental organizing principles of thalamocortical networks [35], [36].
Vertical integration expands and specialization in process equipment, machine tools, and facilities increases.
The brain's functional network exhibits many features facilitating functional specialization, integration, and robustness to attack.
In a recent meta-analysis, Kurth et al. [ 2010b] focused on both functional integration and functional specialization in the insula: in all the examined functional domain, the regions that showed a specific effect to a certain functional category were substantially smaller than the regions involved in multiple different categories.
Industries all undergo times of specialization and integration and we appear to be in that integration stage.
Guandimiao was a small village that specialized in ceramic production, which indicates a hitherto unsuspected degree of economic specialization and integration in the Shang countryside.
The key principles of functional specialization and integration are used to motivate the various approaches considered.
