Future investigations that integrate variation in miRNAs with their target binding sites to assess coevolutionary dynamics will prove important in further dissecting miRNA regulation in developmental evolution (Tang et al. 2010; Barbash et al. 2014).
This study's strengths are the following: large, nationally representative, high-response rate sample; use of objective outcome measures; exposure (PIR) that integrates variations in household need and purchasing power over time; design-adjusted statistical methods; and stratification by age and sex to account for pubertal changes and/or socially patterned differences between sexes.
The model integrates age variation in vaccine efficacy and probability of severe disease outcomes, as well as direct and indirect benefits of vaccination.
In contrast, microbial processes may have integrated the variations in available nutrients and dissolved oxygen concentrations, but failed to respond to the disturbances induced by vineyard production (the increase in pesticides and metal concentrations) during the study period.
Indeed, we have used the lubrication approximation to integrate over variations in the perpendicular direction to the gel.
They also highlight a need for studying energy metabolism traits within a broader organismal context, integrating information on variation in traits influencing energy metabolism with information on variation in life history and other energetically demanding traits.
Despite the recent surge of interest in the concept of animal personalities, that is, temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, few studies have integrated intraspecific behavioral variation in population or community ecology.
Because soil C processes integrate across interannual variation in weather and reflect the net effect of decadal processes of C gain by plants, C loss by respiration, and C transformations in the soil into labile and recalcitrant forms.
By integrating DNA variation and gene expression data in liver (an important tissue involved in metabolic diseases) with the complex trait obesity in segregating mouse populations, and by validating the best candidate genes in knock-out or transgenic mice, Eric Schadt and colleagues [ 123- 126] identified ten causal genes involved in variation of obesity-associated traits.
For our purposes, whole blood seemed the most appropriate tissue to track seasonal dietary patterns, given its relatively rapid turnover integrating short-term dietary variation in terms of days or weeks [20] [22].
By integrating the above described variation in life history traits into one fitness measure (rm, here growth rate over one generation) significant differences according to the different selection line x soil treatment interactions are pronounced (Table 2; Fig. 3).
