Stable isotope mass balance modeling and measurement techniques provide new approaches to constraining estimates of denitrification integrated over several temporal and spatial scales.
Figure 3c, d shows FL spectra integrated over several time intervals at 15 K and at room temperature under excitation at 254 nm.
Importantly, the evolution we observe at an expanding front depends upon fitness integrated over several generations and cannot be predicted by a consideration of lifetime reproductive success alone.
Our results demonstrate that the cumulative effects of even relatively small differences in these edaphic properties can have a large impact on soil carbon stocks when integrated over several decades.
Because 10Be-derived erosion rates integrate over several millennia, we modeled the erosion-rate history that best explains the 10Be data using established non-linear equations that describe in situ cosmogenic isotope production and decay.
Our results show that a positive feedback exists between surface processes and tectonics and imply that geologically derived fault slip rates that integrate over several earthquake cycles may contain a contribution from surface processes.
To address these issues and to increase the final resolution of SOFI, one may try integrating over several time delays and/or averaging over multiple cross-cumulant combinations to further reduce noise and equalize blinking heterogeneities.
Some of these localization results may be disputed because obtained with fMRI, which integrates activation over several seconds after picture presentation, but there are important exceptions.
In contrast, arsenic in nails can be an excellent biomarker of exposure because it principally measures inorganic arsenic exposure, integrates exposure over several weeks, is a highly stable matrix, and is relatively impervious to external contamination or other confounders (Karagas et al. 1996, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Nichols et al. 1998).
Joined by young recruits and former rebels who had been integrated into the Malian army in recent years, the MNLA fighters took over several key northern towns in just two months.
