Sentence examples for integrated traction from inspiring English sources

Thus, the integrated traction force for each individual cell within the cluster is non-zero (i.e., ∫ Ω i T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀ ≠ 0 and ∫ Ω j T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀ ≠ 0 in Equation 1).

Following from this, if the integrated traction force over the footprint of an individual cell within a cell cluster is non-zero, other cells in the cluster must balance it by force transmission through cell cell adhesions.

To maintain a net traction force of zero for the whole cluster, the non-zero integrated traction force of an individual cell must be balanced by a counter force from the neighboring cell(s).

For a cell i in a cluster, this balancing counter force can be expressed as the negative of its integrated traction force, which we defined as its residual traction force f ⇀ r e s i, where f ⇀ r e s i = − ∫ Ω i T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀.

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The net traction force over the whole-cell cluster must also equal the sum of the traction forces integrated over the footprint of each individual cell.

For example, in the case of a two-cell cluster with cells i and j, the net traction force of the cell pair, which should be zero, will equal the sum of traction forces integrated over the footprints of each of the two cells (Ωi and Ωj).

A key novelty of this study is to investigate the effect of relative humidity and the tribochemical changes on the tribological performance and tribofilm characteristics of boundary lubricated systems by means of designing a humidity control system integrated to the Mini Traction Machine (MTM) and Spacer Layer Interferometry Method (SLIM) for the first time.

Hence, the traction forces integrated over the footprint of a single cell or a cell cluster must be equal to zero.

The error in the traction force measurement is reflected by the inequality (14) ∫ Ω c T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀ ≠ 0 that is, the traction forces integrated over the entire cluster are non-zero.

These tractions are integrated with respect to each half of the interface width, yielding two interface lines along which the loading of the beams as well as the additional loading of the plate is defined.