This also indicates that most of these transferred genes have been integrated into recipient genome for a long period of time, which is consistent with the EST search results in Lepidoptera.
In order for a horizontal transfer event to be successful, DNA must not only be transmitted from donor to recipient but also integrated into the recipient's genome (in meristematic tissue in the case of plants) and subsequently fixed throughout the population.
For any foreign gene to be acquired and stably inherited by a recipient organism, it must (i) enter recipient cells, (ii) be integrated into the recipient genome, and (iii) be transmitted to offspring.
In 2005, we reported that SGI1 could be conjugally transferred from S. enterica donor strains to non-SGI1 S. enterica and E. coli recipient strains where it integrated into the recipient chromosome in a site-specific manner [15].
In 2005, we reported that SGI1 could be conjugally transferred from S. enterica donor strains to non-SGI1 S. enterica and Escherichia coli recipient strains where it integrated into the recipient chromosome in a site-specific manner [13].
A lateral transfer can include regulatory elements from the donor that also function in the recipient or a laterally acquired gene could be integrated into the recipient genome in a way that makes use of native O2-responsive regulatory elements.
The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome.
Thus, digestion with these restriction enzymes produces T-DNA fragments carrying either side of the flanking sequence tag even when the T-DNA, with or without the vector backbone, is integrated into a recipient genome as concatemeric bands.
Ten days after implantation, all PDC, 4 of 6 HDC but none of the AM transplants were completely integrated into the recipient conjunctiva with a partially multi-layered epithelium.
When the co-cultivation was performed on solid IM for 48 h at the ratio of A. tumefaciens to target conidia of 5 × 103, and which yielded 7 transformants per 1 × 104 conidia (Table 3), on average, the T-DNA predominantly integrated into the recipient genome as a single copy (50%).
After transplantation, these cells were integrated into the recipient retina, and differentiated into rhodopsin positive cells.
