We suspect that the choice of farm management system may be the major reason for the differences; for example, integrated farming systems (integration of cattle and crops) are highly prevalent in Pahang and part of Johor and Kelantan [ 28].
This study shows that despite the desires of its inhabitants, KGR is failing to promote this shift from extensive to a more productive intensive and integrated farming; there is insufficient land available per household to enable integration of crop farming for production of fodder on a scale sufficient to meet current herd needs, compounded by the arrival of new households.
But his son has started to fatten his cows with grain and plans to try integrated farming.
In the previous article [Ammann, K. (2008) Feature: integrated farming: why organic farmers should use transgenic crops. New Biotechnol.
Aquaponics is an integrated farming concept that combines fish and hydroponic plant production in a recirculating water system.
The aim of this farming systems' project was to design, lay out, evaluate, improve and disseminate results from two approaches to sustainable farming systems, namely those of "ecological" and "integrated" farming.
There are plenty of other sustainable forms of food production that still need to be explored, he says, including integrated farming, conservation agriculture and mixed crop and livestock farming, each of which aim to reduce environmental impacts, enhance soil quality and keep nutrient cycles balanced.
Therefore, there are four treatments in the present study in total: (1) organic farming + plow tillage (OPL); (2) organic farming + minimum tillage (OMT); (3) integrated farming + plow tillage (IPL); (4) integrated farming + minimum tillage (IMT).
Increased values of SUVA and HIX in organic farming in the present study implied that WEOM in organic farming is more aromatic and condensed compared with that in integrated farming.
