Sentence examples for integral spin from inspiring English sources

Particles with zero or integral spin (e.g., mesons, photons) have symmetric wave functions and are called bosons after the Indian mathematician and physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, who first applied the ideas of symmetry to photons in 1924 25.

It is believed, however, that in the superfluid phase of 3He the atoms, like the electrons in a superconductor, pair off to form Cooper pairs a sort of quasimolecular complex which have integral spin and therefore effectively obey Bose rather than Fermi statistics.

Elementary particles can be divided onto two classes: bosons with integral spin \ 0,1,2,\ldots)\), and fermions with half-integral spin \((\bfrac{1}{2},\ldots{3}{2},\bfrac{5}{2},\ldots)\).

The S1 and S3 are characterized by parallel-polarized EPR signals, indicating integral spin ground states.

During the latter half of the 20th century, a coherent picture evolved of the underlying strata of matter involving two types of subatomic particles: fermions (baryons and leptons), which have odd half-integral angular momentum (spin 1/2, 3/2) and make up ordinary matter; and bosons (gluons, mesons, and photons), which have integral spins and mediate the fundamental forces of physics.

Fermions have half-integral spin and thus resist achieving strong quantum correlations.

In the case of atoms with multiples of half-integral spin (fermions), the cooling creates a fermionic concentrate.

In quantum field theory (see below Quantum electrodynamics), it can be shown that particles with half-integral spin (1/2, 3/2, etc).

The properties ascribed to electrons, for instance, such as their charge and half-integral spin, were themselves responses to quite specific experimental findings involving discharge tube phenomena and spectra.

For atoms with multiples of half-integral spins (atoms called fermions), a similar cooling process can take place to produce fermionic condensates.

In the case of atoms with zero or integral intrinsic spin (atoms called bosons), the cooling creates a state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).