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integral pulse frequency modulation.
HRV was derived from the detected normal beat occurrence time series using the integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model, which takes ectopic beats into accounts [32].
Instantaneous heart rate was derived by integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model, which also accounts for the presence of ectopic beats[17], and then evenly resampled at 4 Hz, using spline interpolation.
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Here a simple graphical method that uses the integral of pulse response and identifies a first order plus time delay (FOPTD) model is proposed.
This neuron is an integrator: its firing rate at any time represents an integral of the pulse history.
2.5) in the form of six graphics: fluorescence pulse integral in linear scale (FL); forward light scatter (FS) vs. side light scatter (SS), both in logarithmic (log) scale; FL vs. time; FL vs. fluorescence pulse height; FL vs. FS in log scale and FL vs. SS in log scale (for an example of data acquisition see [ Additional Information]).
The determined Normal Model and the Sine Model were both used to solve the transport processes as the convolution integrals of the pulse response and the actually determined boundary functions, so as to determine the shallow water flow velocity.
The phase response is usually defined in terms of the integral of a frequency pulse of duration LT, that is, For full response signaling L equals to 1, and for partial response systems L is greater than 1.
The integral ("area") of a pulse provides an indication of the total amount of scattering or fluorescing material in a cell; the maximum intensity value ("peak" or "height") of a pulse provides an approximate measure of the highest concentration of scattering or fluorescing material.
Integral software calculates the pulse time delay between the points and uses this to give a PWV measurement.
The velocity time integral was assessed by pulse Doppler within 15 s of cuff release to assess the peak velocity of hyperemic blood flow.
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