Sentence examples for integral over time from inspiring English sources

An integral over time leads to an approximate Markov matrix for consecutive extremes of the normal process.

This deviation is taken to be the integral over time of a user-specified, positive definite function of the difference between the trajectories, for instance the L2 norm.

In case G is quadratic in v, this remark implies that one can perform independently the integral over time and over R p in formula (10) (noting that the crossed term has a zero average).

Also, we use in our models the classical "trajectory characteristic" parameter (defined as the integral over time of the squared thrust acceleration) which represents – under certain hypotheses – the propulsion requirements for an orbital or interplanetary transfer with a given time and a given thrust strategy.

(C ) Experimental verification that stimulus integral over time determines the fraction of active cells.

This integral over time is equivalent to the area under the curve (AUC), where the x-axis is time and the y-axis is ΔY.

The author's implementation defines Integralforce as a sum of normalized forces within the cell integrated over time: (5) Integral force     = ∫ − F active − F passive + F preload + F afterload d t, with terms representing the contribution of various forces from the model formulation.

The method involves recasting the kinetics of any given leaching reaction into a linear function of time, and then solving a multiple convolution integral over residence time for the mass-weighted probability density of the resulting time-linear variable after passing through N mixed-flow reactors in series.

The objective is expressed by minimizing a finite difference approximation of the integral of the squared magnitude of the derivative of Disp t) with respect to time, integrated over time.

> In order to compare the image- and the sample-derived IFs we calculated the time integrals (AUC) of the IFs at different time points and normalized them in relation to the time integral over the entire scan time (90 min) of the sample-derived IF (Fig.  1b).

Arrow et al. (2003) define sustainability as a utility integral that increases over time.