In this method, the control variate technique is used in conjunction with the FEM-based reliability analysis, where the failure probability integral is broken down into two separate integral terms.
end{aligned}Because of (P_{e}(w)) is a composite function, the integral breaks up into two parts.
The detailed derivation of (9) can be found in Appendix 3. In order to better represent the amount of energy injected into the system during the fault period, which is manifested in the form of kinetic energy, we further separate the integral of (9) into two periods, [t s, t c ] and [t c, t].
Splitting the integral on [ 0, π ] into two integrals on [ 0, 1 / n ] and [ 1 / n, π ], respectively, and using the definition of ω ( f ; t ) Ba, we conclude that ∥ f − T θ ( f ) ∥ Ba ≤ ω ( f ; n − 1 ) Ba + ∫ 1 / n π ω ( f ; θ ) Ba M n ; j, i, s sin 2 λ θ d θ. (4.3).
But more often, philosophers will suggest that an integral whole is divisible into two distinct kinds of parts, quantitative parts and substantial parts.
In the present study, the integral femur was sectioned into two separate fragments after the L-osteotomy.
The CUs were divided into two categories: Integral Conservation Units (Unidades de Conservação Integral) and Conservation Units for Sustainable Use (Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável).
Splitting the integration interval of the last integral in the above equation into two parts, such that for one interval and for the other, we obtain.
Any integral is split into three parts: a constant factor independent of any variables, a Jacobian and the remaining integrand.
