He found that the conductance followed a kind of integer known from topology as the Chern number.
where m is a positive integer, known as a window size, m < n/2.
The 16 bases are converted to the 64-bit integer, known as the seed, using a 4-bit code for each base: A = 0001, T = 0010, C = 0100 and T = 1000.
The second problem is semi-online scheduling with a buffer of size k, where k k≥1) is a finite positive integer, and known maximum job size.
Thus, the leptons and quarks with spin 1/2 have supersymmetric partners, dubbed sleptons and squarks, with integer spin; and the photon, W, Z, gluon, and graviton have counterparts with half-integer spins, known as the photino, wino, zino, gluino, and gravitino, respectively.
As the problem turns out to be a non-convex mixed integer programming problem, known to be NP-hard, we relax it first into a continuous problem, then transform the resultant into a convex problem and finally propose a distributed algorithm to solve it.
Determining if a subset V' ⊆ V exists with |V'| ≤ k for a positive integer k is known as the Vertex Feedback Set problem, which is NP-hard [30].
Since the TSP is well studied[24], various mixed integer formulations are known, such as a sub-tour elimination formulation, which have proven to be applicable in practical circumstances.
In other words, our dependent variables are the KAP indices where the scores are ordered taking on the values {0; 1; 2; …j} for some known integer j, where larger values are assumed to correspond to higher knowledge KAP, correct beliefs KAP, and higher concerns about transmission of disease or perception KAP (for construction of these indices and meaning see Appendix 1).
If the logarithm of a large integer n is known, then this series yields a fast converging series for log(n+1).
The edge costs are small, bounded integers which encode known or possible dangers (such as traps or unexplored squares).
