Although we focussed on commonly measured milk yield traits, our results can be extended to other traits such as feed intake, for which, pooling existing research herd data is the only option to enable genomic prediction [ 40].
The IPR is an aggregate metric of exposure intensity that is appropriate for characterizing population-level exposure to synthesized chemicals, particularly those that move fairly rapidly from manufacture to human intake and for which production and intake rates are relatively stable.
In order to obtain an in-depth knowledge of the fluid-dynamics of a stationary flow bench test rig a LES simulation of a heavy duty DI diesel engine head with two intake ducts, for which experimental data was available, has been carried out using OpenFOAM®.
For other chemicals, thresholds are assumed and criteria are calculated by deriving "acceptable daily intakes" for man which would presumably result in no observable adverse effects.
The experimental unit was animal for all variables except for intakes and behaviour for which pen was the experimental unit.
Dietary intake will be assessed using the Children's Dietary Questionnaire [ 74], which assesses intake patterns over the past week for which intake is recommended (fruit, vegetables, water, reduced fat products) and foods for which intake is discouraged (high fat/sugar foods/non-core foods, sweetened beverages and full fat dairy products).
Some studies have tracked expenditure of added sugars, sweeteners or fiber intake for countries for which such data may be available, but there is no availability of standardized time-trend data by level of processing or refinement of carbohydrate sources at the global level.
Generally, a fixed quantity of soil/dust is administered based on the estimated average daily soil/dust intake for children, which corresponds to a variable Pb dosage depending on the Pb content of the soil.
Seven genes that are known to be associated with feed intake, metabolism or growth, for which microarray data were unavailable or the microarray analysis did not indicate significant differences, were also evaluated by qRT-PCR.
This is particularly evident for the modulation of food intake and lipid metabolism, for which AEA and OEA play two opposite roles: AEA stimulates appetite and promotes lipogenesis and body weight gain, while OEA inhibits appetite, stimulates lipolysis, and decreases body weight gain.
