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When we assumed that the reported energy intake was based on one measure and not infinite as the Goldberg method commonly assumes (Black, 2000b), and used the estimate of within-person variation from the OPEN Study in the formula, sensitivity was lower (71.9% for men, 62.4% for women), and specificity increased (100% for men, 99% for women).
If participants were missing intake data at one of the follow-up examinations, the mean intake was based on the available intake data.
"The one caveat here is that the amount of calorie intake was based on self report, so it is possible people were not recalling correctly what they ate, or not reporting correctly," said Ladabaum. .
The study has limitations, including that intake was based on self-reporting and the fact that most alcohol consumed was spirits, while some have suggested wine contains other components that could be beneficial for health.
Alcohol intake was based on a food frequency questionnaire adopted from the Swedish Mammography Cohort [27], combining frequency and typical amounts of different beverages.
First, dietary intake was based on self-reports obtained from weighed food.
Similar(37)
Estimates of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamine intake were based on the 5,958 controls participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, case-control study that involves 10 states.
Seawater intake is based on a sand and gravel prefiltered system and two 30 hp seawater radial pumps, each with the capacity to fulfill the whole system requirements (500 gpm, 31 L/s, sustained flowrate).
Current recommendations suggest that fluid intake be based on the sensation of thirst because it reduces both the risk of dehydration and overhydration [3].
Reference values for daily dietary intake were based on national [ 17] and international guidelines [ 18].
Information on age, sex, residential area, educational status, smoking exposure and alcohol consumption, occupation, body mass index (BMI), and nutritional intake were based on a health questionnaire.
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