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Dietary supplement intake was ascertained using three questionnaires for the first, second and third trimesters.
Usual dietary intake was ascertained with a 114-item food frequency questionnaire.
Dietary intake was ascertained using a modified version of the Kids Food Questionnaire (16).
Food intake was ascertained by a detailed questionnaire based primarily on 24-hr recall.
Dietary supplement intake was ascertained using dietary recall and three questionnaires in the first, second and third trimesters.
6 Alcohol intake was ascertained from questions on the total number of alcoholic drinks the participants consumed in a week.
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Tobacco smoking and alcohol intake were ascertained from questionnaires completed by participants in all studies.
Estimates of usual energy intake were ascertained at baseline by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (13).
Genotyping was conducted for MTHFR C677T and dietary and supplemental intakes were ascertained from a validated questionnaire.
Dietary intake of folate during the last 1-2 years prior to diagnosis was ascertained.
Epilepsy history (new-onset vs. chronic care), type of seizure (if documented), and medication information was ascertained based on longitudinal review of medical records and intake history for patients new to the medical center.
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