Because of adaptation of the metabolic demand for amino acids to habitual protein intakes, the true minimum intake that will maintain a healthy body composition may not be captured in most short-term (2 weeks) balance studies, and the efficiency of utilization of dietary protein is underestimated.
Serum IgG concentrations increased (P=0.002) in response to increased intake of true ileal digestible threonine, with the highest serum IgG concentration observed in pigs ingesting 6.6 g day−1 of true ileal digestible threonine.
Serum urea nitrogen concentrations decreased (P=0.009) as the intake of true ileal digestible threonine increased from 4.1 to 5.0 g day−1 and then appeared to increase as the true ileal digestible threonine intake increased from 5.0 to 6.6 g day−1 (quadratic effect, P=0.015).
Serum threonine increased (P=0.001) while levels of histidine, isoleucine and valine decreased (P=0.001) as the intake of true ileal digestible threonine increased from 4.1 to 6.6 g day−1.
Based on the results of the performance trial, we conclude that the intake of true ileal digestible threonine required to maximize the weight gain and feed conversion of 10 25 kg pigs is 5.9 g day−1.
Here we compare the performance of two calibration methods, the multiplicative and the Bayesian, based on the bias between calibrated intake and true intake.
To be helpful in combination, this correlation should be similar to, or higher than, the correlation between reported intake and true intake (5).
The effect size in our current study (a decrease of in-office BP of 4·4/3·9 mmHg (SBP/DBP)) was comparable to that described in a meta-analysis (comparison of CF intake with true CF-free controls using a blinded study design in patients with CVD or subjects being at risk for CVD (3·7/2·7 mmHg) and approaches the BP-lowering effect sizes observed by typical BP-lowering medications.
A hypothetical true intake vector, prior ("guess") intake vector, and mean calibrated intake vector from both the multiplicative and the Bayesian calibration methods are shown in Figure 1 for each of the four hypothetical scenarios.
42 Furthermore, our consumption data show that the true intake of fruits (∼125 g/day) is much lower than the amount available per person.
