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In LD, the trend in body burden is determined by both the intake trend and elimination kinetics.
However, as stated above, the slope of the CSTD function is solely determined by the rate constant of the intake trend, kdec.
The intake trend between the years 1970 and 2000 is exponentially interpolated in accordance with monitoring data (Alcock et al. 2002; Bignert et al. 1998).
However, because intake often changes over time, integration of the actual intake trend (rather than assuming steady state) would be desirable, but information about intake of measured individuals is rarely available.
Here we have shown how time trend information present in CSTD can be combined with information from total-diet studies to determine the intake trend and the whole body elimination half-life for the general adult population.
Rather, it reflects influences of the intake trend, which in this case also includes preban intake, the elimination half-life, and the characteristic age of the sampled population [see Supplemental Material, Figure S2 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0900648.S1)].
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Cluster analysis resulted in 4 clusters consisting of 35 to 81 subjects with differences in (1) mean fat intake, (2) standard deviation of intraindividual fat intake, and (3) fat intake trends over time.
After defining a distance matrix with 3 criteria to measure similarity between individual fat intake trends during childhood and adolescence (=fat intake pattern), cluster analysis was used to identify groups with similar individual fat intake pattern.
Modeled and empirical intake trends of ∑DDT are in good agreement.
With restricted water intake, trends were reported toward increased risk of dehydration and reduced risks of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intracranial haemorrhage, and death, but these trends are not statistically significant.
To assess the plausibility of the intake trends for p, p′-DDE and p, p′-DDT extrapolated in steps 3 and 4 (solid and dashed lines in Figure 3A), we collected additional empirical intake estimates that were available only for ∑DDT (Vaz 1995).
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