In the high level symptoms group compared with the low level symptoms group, the intake of shellfish 1-3 times per month was associated with a reduced risk, whereas the intake of shellfish more than three times per week was associated with an increased risk.
In summary, a dietary pattern characterized by frequent consumption of bread and margarine but infrequent consumption of rice and miso soup was associated with decreased A1C concentrations in Japanese men and women, whereas a dietary pattern characterized by frequent intake of shellfish, salted fish guts, and fish paste products was related to increased A1C concentrations in men.
Our previous study also did not find an association between frequencies of dietary intake of fish, shellfish, and seaweed and the levels of uAs species in subjects who drank tap water.
The intake estimates for these As species from the consumption of shellfish indicates that this food type represents only a small fraction (≈ 4%) of the sum of species excreted.
Adults in the United States modestly boosted their intake of fish and shellfish.
The mean daily intake of fish and shellfish of Alaska Natives has been calculated to be 109 g, which is approximately six times greater than the American average [47].
Among the dietary variables, lean fish and total intake of fish and shellfish had strongest discriminatory power in separating the groups.
The dietary intake of fish or shellfish in the last 30 days was associated with increased concentrations of PCB-153, PCB-169, and 1234678HpCDF [see Supplemental Material, Table 6 (doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800319.S1)].
Maternal parity, age, BMI, prior breast-feeding, and dietary intake of fish and shellfish are predictors for the serum concentrations of these chemicals, and differences in exposure levels exist among race/ethnicities.
Women with eczema and respiratory allergy reported significantly higher lean fish consumption compared with women with isolated respiratory allergy (110 ± 36 and 31 ± 6.3, respectively, P=0.05), and also higher total intake of fish and shellfish than healthy women (180 ± 42 and 110 ± 15, respectively, P=0.08).
An analysis of subcategories of shellfish intake (i.e. mollusks, small and large crustaceans) showed that the latter association was mostly explained by intake of large crustaceans: the risk of SGA babies was twice as high among women who ate large crustaceans more than once a month (p = 0.03) compared with those eating this type of seafood once a month or less.
