HR2: Further adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, ethanol intake, occupation, daily total physical activity level, green vegetable intake, total energy intake, medication, and screening examination.
In addition to age, sex and educational level, additional covariates in these analyses were: alcohol intake, occupation and residence time, all of which were examined as covariates using stepwise methods.
A similar trend (though not statistically significant) was observed between dietary sodium intake and occupation.
We used the following covariates: age, residential area (rural/urban), education level, household income, alcohol intake and occupation.
Prospective data on smoking, alcohol intake, education, occupation, obesity, and diabetes had almost no impact on the radiation risk estimates for either stroke or heart disease, and misdiagnosis of cancers as circulatory diseases could not account for the associations seen.
We collected information on occupation, intake of homegrown vegetables, smoking, and medical history by questionnaire.
*Adjusted for age; smoking status; regular physical activity; occupation; intake of total energy, total dietary fibre, and alcohol; and survey area.
With the exclusion of housewives, those in occupations III and IV had higher 24 h urinary Na excretion (reflecting higher salt intake) compared with occupations I and II (figure 2, top left panel; p for linear trend <0.001; F=16.5; dF=16.5
Self-reported data on education, occupation, alcohol intake and smoking status were recorded by questionnaire.
Although smoking, alcohol intake, education, type of occupation, obesity (body mass index), and diabetes were risk factors for heart disease and stroke in their own right (for example, the relative risks for heart disease were 1.4 for smoking, 1.6 for diabetes, 1.1 for body mass index 25 or over, and 0.75 for university education), they showed virtually no confounding with dose of radiation.
In models adjusting for age, sex, diabetes risk group (at baseline screening), occupation, alcohol intake, and smoking status, PAEE was positively associated with ISI0,120 and negatively associated with 2-h plasma glucose, plasma serum insulin (0, 30, 120 min), and HOMA-IR (Table 3, model 2).
