There is much controversy around the optimal caloric intake in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, based on the diverging results of prospective studies.
The small change in mO-3FA intake with intensive lifestyle intervention did not explain 1-year changes in HDL and triglycerides.
Adjusting insulin doses based on CHO intake in intensive insulin regimes has been shown to improve glycaemic control, decrease hypoglycaemia and improve quality of life [ 1, 3– 8].
ESKD patients are also commonly deficient in 25OHD due to decreased nutritional intake from intensive dietary restrictions, lack of sun exposure due to decreased mobility, and dysregulated mineral metabolism [ 24].
The EATEN study (An Exploration of the bArriers to nutritional intake after inTENsive care; NIHR portfolio number 10631) will invite up to 17 participants in the RECOVER study to participate in sequential hospital based interviews and field work, followed by an interview 3 months following ICU discharge.
This is an improved protocol in the form of a wheel-based system to control blood glucose levels and nutritional intakes in intensive care patients, which was developed a few years ago [ 2, 3].
It is characterised by a high intake of water intensive products like animal products and sugar, leading to a food related indirect water use or water footprint (WFcons) of 4727 l/cap/d.
Several researches have showed that a regular or intensive intake of horticultural products can reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, in which oxidative damage is an important etiologic factor [1].
One-year mO-3FA and fried/sandwich fish intake decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention (P < 0.001).
mO-3FA intake decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention but not with diabetes, support, and education at 1 year (P < 0.001) (Table 1).
