These reference values are largely based on observational studies of total water intake conducted in healthy individuals and the estimation of total water balance, which takes into account losses.
In a Swedish survey on diet intake conducted in 2010 to 2011, childbearing-aged women had lower than recommended intake of fruit, berries, vegetables, and whole grain products, but a higher than recommended intake of fatty foods and sugar and lower than recommended intake of folate, vitamin D, and iron [ 7].
Our sensitivity analyses showed that results remain essentially unchanged when analysis of beverage intake was conducted using cohort wide categories of intake instead of country specific categories (Tables 2, 3, 4 and 6).
To examine whether the association of total soy product consumption with the prevalence of periodontal diseases could be attributed to isoflavone intake, we conducted further analyses in which we adjusted for isoflavone intake.
To allow sufficient time to implement the intervention, the sample will be recruited in four intake cohorts conducted 2-3 months apart, with the pilot study beginning in June 2010, the second intake cohort beginning in August 2010, in the third intake cohort in October 2010, and the last intake cohort in December 2010.
To identify common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) analyses of carbohydrate, protein, and total fat intake by using data from 12 discovery cohorts (n = 38,360) from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium Nutrition Working Group (15).
In all preferred scenarios, water intake is conducted from flood flows in order to avoid conflict with downstream agricultural demands.
Every eligible patient underwent 2 independent, sequential, in-person ED intake interviews conducted by experienced ED triage nurses.
Using a within-subjects design, female rats were first given access to sucrose (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 M) and then saccharin (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mM) solutions during daily intake tests conducted during diestrus (following low endogenous estradiol) and estrus (following high endogenous estradiol).
A detailed questionnaire containing information regarding sex, age, ethnicity, age at diagnosis of diabetes, family diabetic history, co-existing risk factors, systemic complications of diabetes, ocular complications as a result of diabetic retinopathy, past ocular history, smoking history and alcohol intake was conducted in person for each participant.
The assessment of dietary intake was conducted annually.
