Red meat intake was identified as a risk factor and fruit intake as a protective factor, both in a dose-dependent manner.
Kanis, J. A. et al. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture.
The role of coffee intake as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) has been debated for decades.
Several studies previously suggested red meat intake as a risk factor for AMD, mostly by evaluation of dietary fat intake [ 6, 10, 12].
The stratified analyses showed that the difference in awareness of alcohol intake as a risk factor was only statistically significant among those aged 60 and over.
Fatty fish intake has been linked to high levels of polysaturated fatty acids and to a decreased risk of AMD [ 8, 9], whereas other studies reported increased total fat intake as a risk factor for AMD [ 10].
It could have been interesting to also include dietary cholesterol intake as a confounding factor, but we had 40 % missing data for this variable and the strength of the present meta-analysis would have severely suffered.
It is noteworthy that recent prospective human epidemiologic studies show compelling evidence for high total and saturated fat intake as a risk factor for ER + PR+ as well as HER2− breast cancer [ 44] and, strikingly, a strong association between the intake of red meat derived animal fat and breast cancer risk in normal-weight, premenopausal women but not in overweight or obese women [ 5].
However, all reported studies used a noncompartmental approach with a low statistical power for detecting concomitant food intake as an influential factor on piperaquine pharmacokinetics, compared to a modeling approach.
However, life-style factors, including calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as hormonal factors also play important roles in bone mass accrual, bone growth, and bone strength.
