The weighted geographical distribution of the participating GPs in the survey was similar to the national distribution of GPs in private practice across the 22 French regions surveyed, and the distribution of physicians' individual characteristics regarding age, gender, type of contract with national health insurance and modality of practice differed only slightly from national statistics.
It is likely that our model of workforce supply is somewhat simplified, as we are only able to adjust crudely for potential confounding factors such as insurance payor and modality of physician reimbursement (private practice or HMO versus other types of employment).
For radiology modalities covered by insurance in ambulatory or inpatient care, patients pay only a minimal user fee and copayment.
Clearly, given the high prevalence of CAM use in the United States, the increasing integration of alternative and conventional medicine in health care settings, and the increasing consumer demand for insurance coverage for many CAM modalities, additional research on knowledge, motivations, and beliefs is a high priority.
Additionally, although information on colorectal cancer screening is theoretically available from Medicare claims data, insurance coverage for these screening modalities went into effect only recently [ 95, 96] and the completeness may be further compromised by how providers bill for these procedures.
Person-level and county-level contextual variables were included in multilevel random intercepts models to understand predictors of CRC test modality, stratified by insurance type.
The first lymphoedema clinic was founded in Germany and already in the late seventies, German healthcare insurances started reimbursing lymphoedema therapy modalities.
Information concerning age, sex, primary kidney disease, dialysis modality, comorbidities, health insurance, and mean time on dialysis (months) was gathered from medical records.
Depression can be affected by many factors including sex, marital stage, employment status, health insurance, living, comorbidity index, dialysis modality, hemoglobin, serum albumin, sensitive C-reactive protein, and VD.
The limited number of studies that have examined access and quality of cancer treatment, such as socioeconomic status [ 9- 16] 16], general treatment modalities [ 10], health insurance [ 13] and provider characteristics [ 9] have reported inconsistent results as to the extent to which these factors explained the Black-White differences in survival.
