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The AFM results showed a smooth insulator surface with an RMS of 7.76 nm (Figure 11f).
Wray, L. A. et al. A topological insulator surface under strong Coulomb, magnetic and disorder perturbations.
Lupke, F. et al. Electrical resistance of individual defects at a topological insulator surface.
How to cite this article: Lupke, F. et al. Electrical resistance of individual defects at a topological insulator surface.
A surface sheet conductance up to 5 100 S per □ is realized, exceeding that of conventional 2D electron gases, quasi-2D metal films, and topological insulator surface states.
A rough insulator surface may also make DNA stick onto the surface so we also investigated the top surface using AFM surface scans.
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On bulk insulator surfaces, however, on-surface synthesis is still in its infancy.
More importantly, insulator surfaces pose fundamental challenges when aiming for on-surface reactions.
A severe obstacle is the comparably weak interaction of precursor molecules with prototypical insulator surfaces.
Different types of surface modification schemes are required to derivatize either electrode or insulator surfaces, which limits the surface chemistry based neural interface design.
Several numerical examples, ranging from generic to specific to textured topological insulator surfaces, demonstrate the properties of the scheme which can handle general electromagnetic potential landscapes.
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