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Mutations that are insufficient to transform on their own may combine through cell fusion to result in carcinogenic transformation.
It fails to acknowledge that channelling more cash to schools and hospitals is insufficient to transform failing services.
The study revealed that the mechanisms of global integration required for the establishment of a federal world government are insufficient to transform the system structure in accordance with that model.
It is important to note that expression of ΔDNMT3B4-del alone was insufficient to transform lung epithelial cells in our animal model.
Unlike the EGF receptor, overexpression of c-Src alone is insufficient to transform murine fibroblasts in culture or to sustain tumor growth in intact animals [ 15, 16, 17**].
For example, the integrin associated protein focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a critical determinant of cell migration, yet similar to the small GTPases of the Rho family, the expression of FAK is insufficient to transform primary cells [ 42, 48].
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The expression of E6 and E7 can result in the immortalization of host cells but it is insufficient to directly transform cells.
It is possible that the GFP tag interferes with the function of these activated mutants, or that levels of these proteins were insufficient to fully transform the human cells.
On the demand side, the three main barriers are (1) insufficient purchasing power to transform demand for housing into effective demand, (2) the lack of satisfactory guarantees to qualify for mortgage loans, and (3) the lack of documentation to prove permanent earnings given that many low-income families work in the informal sector.
The anticipated aims of such M&E systems have however not been realised in many countries due to low financial investment in M&E infrastructure, weak or ill-defined systems for collection, analysis, and dissemination of HIV data, inadequately trained data collectors, and insufficient technical capacity to transform HIV data into usable indicators [ 3, 4].
This more restricted pattern of EBV gene expression is insufficient to growth-transform primary B cells, which begs the question, what role does EBV play in the pathogenesis and maintenance of BL?
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com