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Insufficient synthesis time or C2H2 flow rate, excessive H2 flow rate and non-optimal temperature leads to very thin and distorted carbon nanotetrapod structures while excessive time or C2H2 flow rate entails 3D solid carbon nanotetrapod structures.
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) who do not have an adequate response to therapy with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) may have insufficient synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
The main cause of anaemia in patients with CKD is insufficient synthesis of erythropoietin by the damaged kidney.
During osteoarthritis (OA), the degeneration and insufficient synthesis of ECM cause the cartilage to malfunction [ 1, 2].
It appears that both insufficient synthesis and increased degradation of ECM might contribute to the mechanical deterioration of tendons.
Various biochemical pathways are modulated, resulting in the insufficient synthesis of cartilage matrix by chondrocytes, increased numbers of apoptotic chondrocytes [ 27] and degradation of the ECM due to increased production of MMPs and ADAMTS [ 2, 3].
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If dietary carbohydrate is insufficient, glucose synthesis depends on the breakdown of amino acids derived from body protein and dietary protein and the compound glycerol, which is derived from fat.
These processes suffer from incorrect protein folding, insufficient heme synthesis and heme incorporation.
In contrast, T2D is caused by insulin resistance combined with insufficient insulin synthesis and is often associated with obesity.
Insufficient telomere synthesis ultimately compromises telomere function and signals a halt to cell proliferation (O'Sullivan and Karlseder, 2010; Aubert, 2014).
17 The resultant insufficient hepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins and coagulation factors may result in impaired immune defence against bacterial infections 18 and an increased risk for postoperative bleeding.
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