In conventional continuously stirred tank reactors, insufficient substrate degradation and process instability can thus be observed at dry matter contents above ca. 15%.
Nine starvation-related genes were found as potential markers for detection of insufficient substrate feed for maintaining optimal protein production.
Increasing expression of altogether nine starvation related genes preceded the complete exhaustion of carbon source at least by some hours, indicating their usefulness in prediction of insufficient substrate feed for optimal production.
Importantly, cells expressing C99 containing the A673T mutation (C99 A2T; in accordance with the Aβ numbering) produced roughly half the level of Aβ compared with the wild-type C99, suggesting that the C99 A2T is an insufficient substrate of γ-secretase in cells.
Many centres may have been too conservative either with the heparin dosage and/or the blood flow rate through the circuit, or there may be an insufficient antithrombin substrate for the heparin to be effective.
It is important to note that the decrease in MCF observed after dabigatran infusion was mainly attributable to a decrease in the amount of thrombin available for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, as opposed to insufficient clot substrate (fibrinogen, platelets).
This latter observation might reflect the abnormally low levels of extracellular PPi observed in these mice, which would result in insufficient PPi substrate for tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) to generate Pi for normal mineral formation, as previously discussed (Anderson et al., 2005).
Furthermore, this result implies that insufficient supply of substrates is the main mechanism for mitochondrial ROS generation under basal conditions.
Rojas et al. [33] revealed a decreasing performance of the biogas process in a reactor without stirring and related it to the insufficient contact between substrate and microorganisms.
Clearly Trp107f is not the only residue important for specificity – a major point of our paper – but the same is true of the "traditional" specificity residue at position 102, which is at best necessary but insufficient for determining substrate specificity.
