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Fractures of the iliac wings usually occur in more severe cases of insufficiency type fractures.
This is thought to be due to a combination of altered gait pattern and some bone loss due to a period of reduced activity after surgery, therefore involving an element of insufficiency type fracture.
Yamamoto and Bullough have proposed stress (insufficiency) type fractures as the cause for these syndromes and this theory could explain the range of imaging findings that might or might not progress to more serious presentations including osteonecrosis or even rapid osteolysis of the femoral head [37, 38, 39, 40].
An abnormal, increased ASI is observed in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart insufficiency, type 2 diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency.
Children with convergence insufficiency type of intermittent exotropia (near deviation at least 10 PD more than distance deviation), constant exotropia, or significant coexisting ocular pathology such as cataract, were not eligible.
Diseases evaluated in this study included cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis and other respiratory disease, renal insufficiency, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, Parkinson's disease, collagen disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, cataracts, gastrointestinal disease, and malignancies.
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Her bilateral calcaneal insufficiency-type stress fractures further suggest a derangement of bone metabolism.
Familial glucocorticoid deficiency type I (FGD1) is a rare form of primary adrenal insufficiency resulting from recessive mutations in the ACTH receptor (MC2R, MC2R).
However, large-scale population-based studies examining the correlation between vitamin D insufficiency and Type 2 diabetes show heterogeneous results by ethnicity.
Numerous studies have indicated a relation between calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and type 2 diabetes (35), and calcium has been proposed to exert a direct role (34).
According to studies performed with various ethnic groups, a relatively consistent correlation is found between the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome [ 7].
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