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Several subjects (20.2%) had concentrations in the insufficiency range, defined as ≤45 nmol/L (31), 6 of which were ≤25 nmol/L.
Regarding vitamin D status, 32% of the subjects had 25(OH D levels in the insufficiency range (< 30 ng/ml and > 20 ng/ml), whereas 41% had vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml).
It is tantalising to speculate that if there is a causal association the population health impact of vitamin D supplementation could be substantial, as we previously estimated a population attributable fraction of nearly 18% associated with 25(OH D levels in the insufficiency range (<50 nmol/l) [ 7].
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Prevalence of mild renal insufficiency ranges from 24% in Zambia to 41.2% in Malawi, moderate insufficiency ranges from 7.6% in Zambia to 21.8% in Malawi, and severe insufficiency was under 2% in all studies [10] [12].
Two patients (Cases 2 and 8) developed renal insufficiency ranging from creatinine 2.0 to 3.5 mg/dL 2 weeks after transplantation, but the value was almost normalized 1 month after transplantation (Table 3).
FDG uptake in insufficiency fractures ranges from mild and diffuse to intense and heterogeneous.
Finally, in cirrhotic patients with renal failure or sepsis, a high incidence of adrenal insufficiency was found (range of 40% and 75%).
Nine patients (28%) had relative adrenal insufficiency (stimulated cortisol ranged from 12 to 17 μg/dl).
3 4 Several large epidemiological studies showed that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was high, ranging between 25% and 64%.
Using the same definitions of deficiency, insufficiency, and normal ranges as in the current study, 21% of 67 youth with severe psychiatric symptoms residing in 2 Oregon residential treatment programs had vitamin D deficiency, vs. 14% of a comparable NHANES sample.
Renal manifestations with TINU syndrome may include flank pain, sterile pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria (usually subnephrotic range), renal insufficiency, and/or acute kidney injury (AKI).
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