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All other instruments were originally adopted from the Western world.
Almost all these QOL instruments were originally developed in North America or Europe.
Both instruments were originally developed for physicians and were adapted to all health care professionals in our study.
These instruments were originally developed for use in the GI area and demonstrated good psychometric characteristics when used with a wide variety of GI diseases and surgical procedures [ 8, 14, 16].
Most of the established instruments were originally developed on the basis of classical test theory (CTT) and many studies reported excellent reliability and validity for these instruments when relying upon CTT assumptions [e.g., 5,6].
While many of the existing preference-based HRQOL instruments were originally designed to measure the effect of medical conditions (e.g., [ 25]), they have been adopted for more general use because of their ease of use and comparability across conditions.
Similar(53)
The instrument was originally built and operating at the spallation source at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland.
The instrument was originally designed to pick up radio waves emitted from a time in the universe's history known as the Epoch of Reionization, or EoR.
This instrument was originally designed for static light-scattering (SLS) experiments and is similar to a Fraunhofer setup, which features a flat sample cell.
The instrument was originally operated by two people, one in a room where the pump handle was worked -- before electric blowers were installed in the 20th century -- another at the keyboards.
Such an instrument was originally built to detect daytime auroras associated with the dayside magnetospheric cusp to support rocket launching at Cape Parry, on the Arctic coastline, when the sun was approximately 2° below the horizon at noon in December.
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