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The validity and reliability of the instruments was established through experts' opinions and a pilot study.
A separate set of horizontal instruments was established in order to stimulate linkages in innovation system: technological platforms, innovative clusters, encouraging mobility, project consortia between research institutes (universities) and companies, and others.
In the study by Fluharty et al. [ 32] content validity of developed instruments was established by a group of 12 nurse educators.
Once the dimensionality of the instruments was established, significant age-related DIF and sex-related DIF were identified for only two items and one item, respectively, in the MH dimension of SF-12.
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Educational strategies and assessment instruments were established for the course.
The reliability of the instrument was established by calculating Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability statistics.
Face validity of a measuring instrument was established by pre-testing questionnaires on four SMEs.
When the instrument was established, the measurement error of the instrument was tested through the matured commercial electrochemical workstation.
In study 2, the validity of the instrument was established.
The content validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts.
In the second phase of the analysis, the construct validity of the instrument was established using CFA.
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