More than other banks on Wall Street, Goldman has relied on the trading of bonds, equities, commodities and related financial instruments to compensate for slower growth in other areas.
If banks use both hybrid and capital instruments to compensate for debt growth, we should observe that the probability of issuing both types of instruments increases right after the issuance of debt, and vice-versa.
This interpretation might be supported by acknowledging that computers in German schools are still often used as an instrument to compensate learning needs and, thus, follow the objective of promoting students with lower competencies rather than all students (for more on this topic in the case of primary schools see, for example, Drossel and Eickelmann 2014).
The average NanoTracer-to-SMPS concentration ratio varied between 0.69 and 1.22 for the seven instruments (average of all instruments was 0.93) and this ratio was used as a correction factor for each instrument in order to compensate for inter-equipment variation.
Yet it is Russia's duty as a major power not to deceive Bashar Al-Assad, and not to deceive the Syrian people and use it as an instrument of revenge to compensate for a national affront or defeat.
While Trinity's Baroque orchestra had period instruments, with their tangy, reedy bite, Musica Sacra's ensemble used louder modern instruments, with slightly reduced forces to compensate.
Both methods provide standardization models that can be used to compensate such instrument related signal shifts by postprocessing of the measurement data.
"To compensate for all the instruments we were eliminating, we had to put in some new ones, each with a fuller sound: an electric guitar, a blues guitar, a boogie piano," Otis told The Times in 1984, and "the sound changed too, into more of a cross between swing and country blues...
In order to compensate for this problem we used instruments which have been translated back and forth by clinical psychologists in Germany and the countries of origin.
Financial instruments such as credit-default swaps (in which the seller agrees to compensate the buyer if a third party defaults on a loan) that were meant to spread risk turned out to concentrate it.
Market instruments such as Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) emerged as a concept to compensate and encourage landowners to improve land management practices for the maintenance and provision of ecosystem services.
