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Sixteen instruments that are specific to knee problems with evidence for reliability and validity were identified by a recent systematic review [ 2].
Given the increase in generic measures for assessing HRQOL, there is a need for instruments that are specific to individuals' clinical conditions and that consider associated disabilities, limitations, and symptoms specific to each condition.
Alternatively (or in addition) RCTs may have relied on instruments that are specific to function (e.g. sleep or sexual function), a problem (e.g. pain), or a disease (e.g. heart failure, asthma, or cancer).
From a bibliographic survey carried out on the PubMed (National Library of Medicine) indexing database in October 2006 regarding instruments that are specific to dentistry, a combination of descriptors, such as "questionnaire"; "oral health related quality of life", resulted in 127 articles on instruments that assess the relationship between oral health and quality of life.
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Therefore the instrument has less content validity as a measure of the effect of a patient's knee problem on their quality of life and may also be less responsive than an instrument that is specific to the knee [ 10].
Additional items should also be added to address concerns about equity, which are not currently addressed in the AGREE instrument, and considerations that are specific to guidelines that are developed internationally rather than in a specific country or setting.
To date, ten instruments comprise the suite, each comprising "core" items shared among the majority of instruments and "optional" items that are specific to particular care settings or situations.
These sources in general are not broadband but have high intensity and are useful for the construction of instruments that are designed for specific applications in narrow frequency regions.
This requires measuring instruments that are sensitive for specific interventions and which are connected with the expected alternations in the outcomes of care for the elderly and caregiver.
The research question is: "What interventions are performed within the context of the 'disease management in chronic diseases' programme?" Process evaluation requires measurement instruments that are sensitive to specific interventions and connected to expected changes in outcome data.
Air samples were analyzed using a Jerome model 431-X mercury analyzer (Arizona Instruments Phoenix, AZ) that is specific for Hg vapor.
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