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Orthognathic surgery has become increasingly popular in recent years with the development of general anesthesia using nasotracheal intubation, improvement of miniplates, fixation screws, and surgical instruments, reduction of operating time, and the increased efforts to minimize complications and side effects, regardless of expenses [1].
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Copland's lush harmonies shine in this 13-instrument reduction of the original score.
One such technique (Gaines procedure) entails a two-stage procedure: L5 vertebrectomy anteriorly, followed by resection of the L5 posterior elements and instrumented reduction of L4 onto S1.
However, as measured by the VAS, BPI, CGIC, and PGIC instruments reductions in pain or the effect of pain on quality of life, were similar regardless of whether patients used any concomitant medication, suggesting that G-GR alone provided sufficient pain relief.
The seven-category response function is a problem for the FIM™ instrument, and a reduction of responses might increase the validity of the instrument.
Considering the total score of the OHRQoL instrument, only the reduction of communication ability and dental caries severity had a negative impact on the OHRQoL (p < 0.05).
In orthopaedic surgery, numerous attempts have been made to reduce SSIs in the operating theatre, including the use of peri-operative antibiotics, laminar flow operating rooms, body exhaust suits, multiple instrument trays and reduction of intra-operative operation room traffic [ 37- 40].
Notable among the treatises of the Corpus are The Hippocratic Oath; The Book of Prognostics; On Regimen in Acute Diseases; Aphorisms; On Airs, Waters and Places; Instruments of Reduction; On The Sacred Disease; etc.
Potential benefits of a disposable instrument kit are the reduction of the pre/post-operative costs due to the sterilization, the reduction of the risk of contamination, total traceability and new instruments for each surgery thus reducing the risk of damaged devices.
Obtained results have focused the need for starting an in-depth discussion on the measurements' protocols and the instruments leading to a possible reduction of the required accuracy levels reported in the ISO Standard 7726.
Item Response Theory (IRT) models, and in particular the models of the Rasch family, are increasingly employed for the validation or the reduction of measurement instruments, and in particular those for HRQoL.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com