Ph.D. theses generally involve building sensitive receivers and instruments, observing the cosmos from the ground, balloons, or satellites, analyzing data from those observations, or some combinations of these.
With a 2.4 m mirror, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectra.
In this method, the surgeon does not operate a surgery with the hands viewing directly the effect of his/her actions, but through instruments, observing the scene on a monitor.
The SEP instrument observed it's first burst of energetic particles on Sept. 29 from a coronal mass ejection three days earlier on the sun.
On 2 October, Nasa's ozone monitoring instrument observed this record-size hole in the ozone layer, spanning 28.2m sq km (10.9m sq miles) — the fourth-largest area measured since the start of the satellite record in 1979.
To help answer these questions and to determine the current utilization of standing support in bleeder entries, four bleeder entries at varying distances from the startup room were instrumented, observed, and numerically modeled.
The TEX instrument observed a medium-scale density structure in the dawnside plasmasphere during a quiet period (1 2 June 2008).
The instrument observed the resulting spark through a telescope; the component colours would have told scientists which atomic elements were present.
When the CAPS-ELS feature was observed, the RPWS instrument observed an intense plasma wave feature near 2 kHz, with no magnetic component above the instrument threshold.
