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These advances will require the development of automated networks of measurement instruments; model based thermal compensation, the automatic integration of'live' measurement data into variation simulation and algorithms to generate cutting paths for predictive shimming and drilling processes.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was recorded on a Delong Instruments model LVEM5.
In particular, the pH meter (Hanna instruments, model 9025) was calibrated using two buffers of pH 7.0 and 10.0.
A wavelength tuneable continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser was used in the experiments (Edinburgh Instruments, model PL6).
Microscopic characterizations were performed by TEM and SEM using respectively on Delong Instruments model LVEM5 and JEOL 646OLV microscopes.
The thickness of the films (d) was controlled by "Tensor Instruments" model "Alpha-step 100" profilometer with an accuracy of 5%%.
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The detector responsivity was measured by using an optical power meter (OPHIR, Vega), an optical chopper (Scitec Instruments, Model-300CD), and a Keithley 2400 apparatus under the dark room environment.
It also has twice the speed and nine times the memory of the previous Texas Instruments model.
The UV-B radiation (280 315 nm) was measured by the UV-B radiometer (Eko Instruments – model MS-210W) and the total ozone column was measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) installed on board of NASA's Earth Probe satellite.
The pH of water samples was determined using microprocessor pH meter (HANNA Instruments model: pH 211).
Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured using conductivity meter (HANNA Instruments model: HI 8033).
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