The term "linguistic validation" often refers to the process of investigating the conceptual equivalence and content validity of translation of PRO instruments, including forward- and back-translation, review, harmonization, and cognitive debriefing [19, 20]; it does not include psychometric validation, which is nonetheless seen as an important second step for cross-cultural validation [21].
Of herself and her company, she says, "I am a criminal, and we are a blunt instrument charging forward".
Upon completion of incubation, the reaction mixtures were loaded onto a 96 well plate and analyzed by Guava using the following instrument settings: Forward Scatter Gain - x8, Side Scatter – 500 V, Green Fluorescence – 413 V, Yellow – 403 V, Red – 701 V, and medium sample flow rate – 0.59 µl/s.
We developed the Greek version of the instrument using forward and backward translation.
One instrument put forward to measure individual quality of life is the 'Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life' (SEIQoL) [ 4] and its short form: the 'Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life – Direct Weighting' (SEIQoL-DW) [ 2, 5].
Though all of the wiring will still be connected, you will have some room to ease the instrument cluster forward from the dash.
The latter can be prevented by using a computer-based screening instrument that forwards the screening data and presents the results directly to physicians.
To ensure quality in terms of conceptual and semantic equivalence between the original and the translated instrument, a forward-backward translation recommended by Polit and Beck [ 25] was followed in the current study [ 25].
The usage of financial instruments focuses on forward contacts and options.
