BC and PM2.5 concentrations were measured using both real time personal air sampling instruments and standard filter-based methods.
Second, we found that a risk assessment using subjective health instruments and standard covariates yielded a better mortality risk prediction compared to that of a multi-biomarker panel.
AMM and SS are expert in community based research and AL and HMN are a behavioral scientists; both contributed to the design of the study, development of the data collection instruments and standard operating procedures, data analysis, and manuscript preparation.
But even more interestingly, the predictive performance of these selected four biomarkers was shown to be nearly as good as a risk assessment based on subjective health instruments and standard covariates.
RB and AG conceived the study and designed the research; MR and UN participated in developing study instruments and standard operating procedures; AAK, MK, and JS conducted the research; MR, UN, and NG created and maintained databases, and performed statistical analysis; MR, AG, RB, NG, and AS helped to draft the manuscript.
Despite a strong genetic factor [ 1], there are no clear cut biological markers of autism and its diagnosis is purely based upon clinical observation, psychological tests and employment of diagnostic instruments, and standard checklist questionnaires, which are amenable to human bias [ 2, 3].
The approach is in full alignment with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and other international conventions, instruments and standards.
Reports: These are reports of UNICEF-organised expert-level events, consultations, roundtables and meetings to on the harmonization of national legislations with international human rights instruments and standards.
Sequencing was performed using an Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 instrument and standard library preparation and adaptors.
Bulk chemical analyses of 4 samples were carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using a Philips PANalytical MagiX Pro instrument and standard borate fusion.
These contracts are exchange-based instruments and have standard delivery dates.
